Botany pteridophytes class notes for students and teachers of life science biological science. Apospory is the development of 2n gametophytes, without meiosis and spores, from vegetative, or nonreproductive, cells of the sporophyte. This would allow a reduction in total costs, or the allocation of available budget to more plots, which could increase the power of the statistical analyses, reduce the confidence intervals and increase probability pteridophyya detecting more species. They are psilopsida, psilotopsida, lycopsida, sphenopsida, pteropsida and progymnospermopsida. Stelar evolution of pteridophytes, sporangial organization homospory and heterospory. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. In the present article an attempt has been made to compile the pharmacological, clinical and medicinal uses of some common pteridophytes available in rajasthan. Pteridophytes or pteridophyta, in the broad interpretation of the term, are vascular plants plants with xylem and phloem that reproduce and disperse via spores.
In addition, in pteridophytes, the gametophyte is often very thin and can be unistratose, especially at the margins. Most of the pteridophytes ferns and fernallies show their luxuriant and vigorous growth during the rainy season particularly in the hilly regions usually above 1400 m altitude. However, there are two schools of thought about their origin. This pdf version does not have an isbn or issn and is not therefore effectively published melbourne code, art. The fine structure of fern root cells showing apospory. Pteridophyta tidak dapat menghasilkan biji dalam proses seksualnya, melainkan meereka juga aka melepaskan spora sebagai alat penyebarluasan atau perkembangbiakannya. In contrast, apogamy is the development of 1 n sporophytes without gametes and syngamy from vegetative cells of the gametophyte. The medicinal uses of some ferns and pteridophytes of india have also been described in some of the recent studies caius, 1935. Pteridophytes constitute a significant and important group in the plant kingdom. Characteristics of pteridophytes, morphology of pteridophytes, reproduction of pteridophytes, homosporous and heterosporous pteridophytes, megaspore and microspores, gametophytes of pteridophytes, fertilization, zygote and embryo of pteridophytes. Buy isbn9781403930309 at 16% discount by macmillian india ltdnew delhi. Observations on the inheritance of apospory and alternations of generations. Pteridophytes general characters and life cycle of ferns email. It is also advantageous since it can produce large number of individuals which are genetically identical too.
All pteridophytes have a true alternation of generations, in which a dominant sporophyte generation produces spores through meiosis, and a freeliving gametophyte generation forms gametes egg and sperm by mitosis. Keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan paku pteridophyta di jalur pendakian selo kawasan taman nasional gunung merbabu, jawa tengah. Pteridophyte reproduction christian brothers university. Some pteridophytes are aquatic marselia, azolla and some are epiphytes ophioglossum pendulum. Similar to the life cycle of seed plants, the pteridophytes also involves the alternation of generations in its life cycle. Apogamy is the development of an unusual haploid sporophyte from the gametophyte without the fusion of gametes.
Apospory in pteridophytes pdf the investigations in pteridophytes probably of most interest and importance ing of apogamy and apospory, it is important to. Publication date 1950 topics pteridophyta, karyokinesis publisher. Affinities of pteridophyte with bryophyte and algae. Pteridophytes general characters ppt general characteristics, life cycle and reproduction of pteridophytes ppt what are pteridophytes. A few pteridophytes are aquatic while still others are epiphytes. Pdf in land plants, two distinct generations, gametophyte and sporophyte, alternate to.
Some of the characters of pteridophytes are as follows. What is apogamy and apospory biology plant growth and. Sometimes deviation in the regular alternation if generations are noticed in the form of apogamy and apospory. Apospory and apogamy in pteridophytes biology discussion. The vegetative reproduction is also a common type of reproduction in the pteridophytes. And among the first of the plants to truly live on land were the pteridophytes. Pteridophyta is the most highly evolved group among the cryptogams. Pteridophytes, peculiar in having alternation of generations reduction in the nutrient and sucrose concentrations in with. Some other uses are ferns provide natural vegetation thats important to both wildlife and birds. Occurence most of the pteridophytes are terrestrial and grow in moist and shady places while some flourish well in open, dry places especially in xeric conditions selaginella lepidophylla. Apospory definition of apospory by the free dictionary. On apospory in ferns, with special reference to mr. Missouri botanical garden and washington university.
When you think of forests and woods, you can picture trees, abundant lush green ferns, and other plants. As they produce neither flowers nor seeds, they are referred to as cryptogams. The printed version, however, was effectively published on 6 june 20. Various animals use the fronds as food while birds and small creatures use the plants for cover. It appears likely that all apomixis in plants is facultative.
Meanwhile, we recommend that you take a look at our website or download our. However, the pteridophytes differ from mosses and seed plants in that both generations are independent and freeliving. Lower vascular plant, formerly pteridophyte, also called vascular cryptogam, any of the sporebearing vascular plants, including the ferns, club mosses, spike mosses, quillworts, horsetails, and whisk ferns. It is speculated that life began in the oceans, and through millions of years of evolution, life slowly adapted on to dry land. Pteridophyta download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. The biodiversity heritage library works collaboratively to make biodiversity literature openly available to the world as part of a global biodiversity community. Stelar evolution in pteridophytes ppt types of steles and its evolution in pteridophytes ppt what is stele. Apospory definition, the development of a gametophyte from a sporophyte without meiosis. Sperm from the male sex organ swim through water to the female sex organ. Origin of bryophytes from gametophyte, algae, pteridophytes and sporophyte. In a book of this limited size it is impossible to describe in detail all the fossil plants that are known. Apogamy, apospory, and parthenogenesis in the pteridophytes. Gamma radiationinduced in vitro hormetic apogamy in the.
The development of a gametophyte directly from a sporophyte without the occurrence of meiosis or spore formation. Pteridophytes introduction, authors and addresses, systematic list, glossary, and key to tribes. Even today, many tribal communities and rural populations are dependent heavily upon the natural resources obtained from the surrounding forest regions for treatment of various ailments and diseases. We hope this article will be useful to the candidates to get the details of plant diversity ii study materials. Facultative apomixis means that apomixis does not always occur, i. Plant diversity ii study materials 2020 download b. The fine structure of fern root cells showing apospory sciencedirect. But trust me the first thing that you notice is the abundant foliage of fern plants. Besides having various medicinal properties, the pteridophytes are also employed for a variety of commercial and environmental purposes.
The current trends in the subject are explained in a simple, lucid and understandablewriting style. A few pteridophytes are aquatic while still others are. Dec 25, 2018 this report is based on the study about effects of sedpi on the quality of education in musoma municipal council, tanzania. Apospory is the development of unusual diploid gametophyte from the vegetative parts of sporophyte and not from the spores. With the commencement of monsoon about mid june, the ferns and fernallies start growing vigourously and luxuriantly. Some pteridophytes are aquatic and some are epiphytes. Ebook an introduction to pteridophyta as pdf download. A concept based exclusive material pteridophytes, gymnosperms. Dec 05, 2016 status of pteridophytes india 500 species of ferns and 100 species of fern allies other than the order of fillicales are on record from india pteridophytic flora of india comprises of 67 families, 191 genera and more than species including 47 endemic indian ferns, and 414 species of pteridophytes 219 at risk, of which 160. The investigations in pteridophytes probably of most interest and importance ing of apogamy and apospory, it is important to define these terms at the outset. Apogamy, apospory, and parthenogenesis in the pteridophytes w. Apospory in pteridophytes pdf the investigations in pteridophytes probably of most interest and importance ing of apogamy and apospory, it is important to define these terms at the. Bryophyta mcq multiple choice question and answer bryophyta mcq with detailed explanation for interview, entrance and competitive exams. The bryophytes are quite soft and delicate and, therefore, they lack fossil records.
Developmental biology 23, 550562 1970 the fine structure of fern root cells showing apospory marian h. This group of plants has least been exploited for the medicinal. The sporophyte is the conspicuous and familiar plant body. Apogamy, apospory and parthenogenesis in the pteridophytes. Natural apogamy is common in ferns like dryopteris, adiantum, osmunda, pteris etc. Life cycles of lycopodium, selaginella, equisetum, adiantum and marsilea.
Apogamy is a type of plant reproduction in which sporophyte diploid phase is produced from the gametophyte haploid phase without fertilization. Modified 17 199 embryophytes bryophytes rhynia fossil lycopodiophyta. Apospory is the direct vegetative process which leads from the sporophyte to the. It helps to increase the number of population under unfavourable conditions also. Plant growth in vitro induction of apospory and apogamy, and direct regulators. The pteridophytes reproduce both by the vegetative and sexual methods vegetative reproduction. Most pteridophytes are terrestrial plants and thrive well in abundant moisture and shade while some flourish well in open, dry situations especially in xeric conditions. Accordingly several major groups of vascular plants, many minor groups and a large number of genera have had to be omitted. Studies in apospory and apogamy in ferns, annals of botany, volume os21. List the general characteristics of reproductive organs of pteridophytes.
Textbook of paleobotany a textbook of bryophytes pteridophytes gymnosperms and paleobotany a textbook in bryophtes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and paleobotany mathematical literacy grade 12 textbook pdf download textbook a textbook of practical botany ii share a textbook of practical botany ii dsm v textbook textbook unc atc textbook pdf. Pdf efficient induction of apospory and apogamy in vitro in silver. Pteridophyta is designed to fulfill the needs of undergraduate and postgraduate students of botany. Problems of cytology and evolution in the pteridophyta by manton, i. Click download or read online button to get pteridophyta book now. Some pteridophytes of medicinal importance from rajasthan. An introduction to pteridophyta top results of your surfing an introduction to pteridophyta start download portable document format pdf and ebooks electronic books free online rating news 20162017 is books that can provide inspiration, insight, knowledge to the reader. Meaning of pteridophytes general characters of pteridophytes reproduction in pteridophytes affinities of pteridophytes development of sporangia in. Sometimes deviation in the regular alternation if generations.
Ebook pteridophyta as pdf download portable document format. The experimental investigation of the pteridophyte life cycle, botanical journal of the linnean society, volume 56, issue 366, 1 december 1959, pag. Ferns can be used to illustrate the life cycle stages common to all pteridophytes. Thus the use of gamma radiation in vitro not only reduced the need for sucrose for induction of apospory in p. Professor farmer and miss digby have published the results of their studies of apogamy and apospory in ferns. Problems of cytology and evolution in the pteridophyta. Studies in apospory and apogamy in ferns annals of botany. In contrast, apogamy is the development of 1n sporophytes without gametes and syngamy from vegetative cells of the gametophyte. Pronunciation of pteridophytes with 2 audio pronunciations, 1 meaning, 5 translations, 1 sentence and more for pteridophytes. Apospory botany britannica encyclopedia britannica. Pdf the effects of sugars and ethylene on apospory and.
Bryophytes were a pivotal step in land plant evolution, and their significance in the regulation of ecosystems and the conservation of biodiversity is becoming increasingly acknowledged. Therefore, the key difference between homosporous and heterosporous pteridophytes is that the homosporous pteridophytes produce one type of spores that are same in size whereas heterosporous pteridophytes produce two types of spores that are different in sizes. Apogamy and apospory in ferns university of chicago press. Diversity of pteridophytes in india and their migration to land. Feb 15, 2020 explain polarity, regeneration, apogamy, and apospory.
Pteridophytes biology encyclopedia plant, body, different. Most pteridophytes are terrestrial and grow in moist and shady places while some flourish well in open, dry places especially in xeric conditions. Induced apospory had previously been obtained by goebel 1907 in detached sporeling leaves of a number of different species of ferns includ ing osmunda. Pteridophyta characteristics, life cycle, classification. Stelar evolution of pteridophytes sporangial organization. Pteridophyta start download portable document format pdf and ebooks electronic books free online rating news 20162017 is books that can provide inspiration, insight, knowledge to the reader.
Pdf laboratoryinduced apogamy and apospory in ceratopteris. Read the introductory remarks and list of characteristics of the bryophytes p. Stelar theory, components of stele, different types of steles in plants, protostele. There are no known fossil bryophytes more primitive than the forms of today. Comparison of apogamy in ferns with apomixis in angiosperms. The modern classification of pteridophytes have been suggested by many scientist according to the sporne1975 pteridophytes have been classified into six classes. Apospory is the development of gametophyte directly from sporophyte without formation of spores. The ferns form the great majority of existing pteridophytes. Characteristics of pteridophytes, morphology of pteridophytes, reproduction of pteridophytes, homosporous and heterosporous pteridophytes, megaspore and microspores, gametophytes of pteridophytes, fertilization, zygote and embryo of pteridophytes, life cycle. Some of the most important characters of pteridophytes are as follows. Pteridophyta teridafata os made from two greek roots that mean winged pteryz.
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